相对论质心
導論
非相對論力學具獨特及明確的質心向量概念,以伽利略時空的三維空間慣性參照系內的三維向量指明一孤立、由具質量粒子組成的系統。然而,在狹義相對論中閔可夫斯基時空的三維空間則沒有如此概念。
在任何剛性旋轉參照系(包括伽利略慣性參照系的特例),座標為,由N個質量粒子處組成的系統有牛頓質心的三維向量
這公式適用於自由或有相互作用的粒子。
在閔可夫斯基時空中的狹義相對論慣性參照系,有四維向量座標。具牛頓質心全部性質的變量並不存在。非相對論質心有以下主要性質:
參見
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- T.D.Newton and E.P.Wigner, Localized States for Elementary Systems, Rev.Mod.Phys. Vol 21, 400 1969.
- R.H.L.Pryce, The Mass-Centre in the Restricted Theory of Relativity and Its Connexion with the Quantum Theory of Elementary Particles, Proc.R.Soc.London, Ser A Vol 195, 62 (1948).
- A.D.Fokker, Relativiteitstheorie (Noordhoff, Groningen, 1929) p.171.
- C. Møller, Sur la dynamique des systemes ayant un moment angulaire interne, Ann.Inst.H.Poincaré vol {11}, 251 (1969); The Theory of Relativity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1957)
- G.N.Fleming, Covariant Position Operators, Spin and Locality, Phys.Rev. vol 137B, 188 (1965)
- A.J.Kalnay, The Localization Problem, in Studies in the Foundations, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, edited by M.Bunge (Springer, Berlin, 1971), vol.4
- M.Lorente and P.Roman, {General expressions for the position and spin operators of relativistic systems, J.Math.Phys. vol 15, 70 (1974).
- H.Sazdjian, {Position Variables in Classical Relativistic Hamiltonian Mechanics}, Nucl.Phys. vol B161,469 (1979).
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